Artist makes sculpture that moves on its own

Strandbeests , a series of wind-powered, skeletal structures that seem to walk on their own along beaches, are remarkable creations of Theo Jansen , a Dutch artist and kinetic sculptor. Strandbeests, is a dutch word, which translates to “beach animals”. They are designed to move autonomously with wind as their only energy source, creating a unique fusion of art, engineering, and biomimicry.


Jansen started developing his Strandbeests in 1990 and intended them as functional sculptures that could roam coastlines and help prevent erosion by pushing sand back onto the shore. However, with time the art evolved and the sculptures became more sophisticated each with its own unique mechanics, materials, and movement capabilities. Today they are celebrated for their unique style and aesthetics.



The structures are built from lightweight materials such as PVC pipes, plastic bottles, and fabric. The sculptures resemble skeletons of animals with jointed limbs, wings, and sometimes even tails. Their movement is powered by the wind, which enables them to “walk” in a way reminiscent of biological organisms. They use wind power, stored air, and the specific geometry of their limbs to propel themselves forward.


The most fascinating aspect of the structure is its life-like movement. The unique leg system is made up of multiple PVC tubes that are connected by rotating joints. A wind-catching sail propels the Strandbeest forward, and the air is often stored in plastic bottle "stomachs" to keep the structure moving even when the wind dies down.


Image Credit: Instagram/@theojansen_official
Jansen describes this as a complex dance between physics and artistry, as the design of each leg must be carefully calibrated to maintain stability and forward motion. Jansen’s earlier models were known as ‘Animari’, and they were much simpler versions. Later models incorporated “muscles” and “stomachs” that store compressed air, enabling the creatures to move intermittently when wind is scarce.


Talking in an interview, Jansen explained that for him, it isn’t a case of intelligent design where he plays the role of creator. Instead, he finds himself led by the tubes, compelled to follow their direction as they dictate the structure. The concept behind Jansen’s Strandbeests is to reflect humanity's connection to nature and to explore the potential for a harmonious relationship between technology and the environment.