What parents need to know about Seizure Triggers in children: Know from the expert

A child’s seizure is a frightening experience for both the child and their parents. While seizures can result from medical conditions like genetic changes or head injuries, a key part of management is identifying and avoiding specific triggers. Triggers are internal or external factors that can provoke a seizure in a child who is already at risk. Understanding these triggers is the first step toward better prevention and care for your child.

What are the most common triggers?

A study in the Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences found that nearly 85% of children with epilepsy who experienced breakthrough seizures had at least one identifiable trigger.

Fever or illness is the most common trigger, responsible for almost 27.5% of cases, as even minor infections can place stress on the brain and increase seizure risk.

Missed medication is the second most frequent cause, accounting for 26.3% of cases. Anti-seizure drugs are most effective when taken consistently, and skipping even one dose can lower their effectiveness.

Sleep deprivation is another key factor linked to about 10% of cases, as a child’s developing brain relies heavily on adequate rest.

Emotional stress is also a significant trigger. A study in Epilepsy and Behavior noted that about one-third of patients reported a connection between stress and seizures.

Strong emotions such as excitement, anxiety, or frustration can be enough to induce an episode in some children.

Photosensitive epilepsy, although rare, can be triggered by flashing lights or certain screen patterns.

Hormonal changes during puberty may lead to an increase in seizure activity for some teenagers.

What can parents do to reduce the risk of triggers?

• Stick to a regular sleep schedule and avoid late nights.
• Set alarms to ensure medication is never missed.
• Give medicines at the same time every day and never stop them without a doctor’s advice.
• Promote relaxing routines, such as reading or light exercise, to reduce anxiety.
• If your child is sensitive, limit video games and exposure to bright or flashing lights.
• Keep a journal of seizure events to identify patterns and share with your child’s neurologist.

When should you consult a doctor?

Parents should consult the doctor immediately if seizures become more frequent, last longer than usual, or change in their appearance. Even if they believe they have identified a trigger, the situation can be complex, as seizures can change subtly and unpredictably over time. The doctor or paediatric neurologist can also determine if the current treatment plan is still effective and whether medication needs to be adjusted. They will also be able to investigate any underlying factors that may have contributed to the change in seizure activity. Maintaining regular contact with the paediatric neurologist is an essential part of ensuring the child’s health and safety.

Key takeaway for parents

The frequency and intensity of seizures can often be reduced by recognizing and managing triggers. Ensuring consistent medical care and establishing a secure, predictable environment are crucial for your child’s management. Awareness and readiness are key; the more parents know about seizure triggers, the better equipped they are to support their child’s health and well-being.



Dr. Kunal Kalra, Consultant, Paediatric Neurology and Neuro-disability, Manipal Hospital Dwarka, New Delhi